What Textbook Reading Teaches Students

Tracey E. Ryan
March 31, 2008

“Do we really need to buy the textbook? It’s so expensive!” “Can’t you just summarize it for us?” “Would you just…

img:is([sizes=auto i],[sizes^="auto," i]){contain-intrinsic-size:3000px 1500px}img.wp-smiley,img.emoji{display:inline !important;border:none !important;box-shadow:none !important;height:1em !important;width:1em !important;margin:0 .07em !important;vertical-align:-.1em !important;background:none !important;padding:0 !important}.wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:rgba(255,255,255,.65)}.wp-block-audio{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-code{border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px;font-family:Menlo,Consolas,monaco,monospace;padding:.8em 1em}.wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:rgba(255,255,255,.65)}.wp-block-embed{margin:0 0 1em}.blocks-gallery-caption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .blocks-gallery-caption{color:rgba(255,255,255,.65)}:root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme :root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:rgba(255,255,255,.65)}.wp-block-image{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-pullquote{border-bottom:4px solid;border-top:4px solid;color:currentColor;margin-bottom:1.75em}.wp-block-pullquote :where(cite),.wp-block-pullquote :where(footer),.wp-block-pullquote__citation{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.wp-block-quote{border-left:.25em solid;margin:0 0 1.75em;padding-left:1em}.wp-block-quote cite,.wp-block-quote footer{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;position:relative}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-right){border-left:none;border-right:.25em solid;padding-left:0;padding-right:1em}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-center){border:none;padding-left:0}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large,.wp-block-quote:where(.is-style-plain){border:none}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{font-weight:700}.wp-block-search__button{border:1px solid #ccc;padding:.375em .625em}:where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-separator.has-css-opacity{opacity:.4}.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-bottom:2px solid;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-separator.has-alpha-channel-opacity{opacity:1}.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){width:100px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-dots){border-bottom:none;height:1px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){height:2px}.wp-block-table{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-table td,.wp-block-table th{word-break:normal}.wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:rgba(255,255,255,.65)}.wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:rgba(255,255,255,.65)}.wp-block-video{margin:0 0 1em}:root :where(.wp-block-template-part.has-background){margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow [class*=wp-block-co-authors-plus]{display:inline}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image{margin-bottom:0}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignfull,.alignwide) :where(img){width:100%}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto}:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square:1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3:4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4:3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2:3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3:2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9:16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16:9/16;--wp--preset--color--black:#000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray:#abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white:#fff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink:#f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red:#cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange:#ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber:#fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan:#7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan:#00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue:#8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue:#0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple:#9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,#0693e3 0%,#9b51e0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan:linear-gradient(135deg,#7adcb4 0%,#00d082 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange:linear-gradient(135deg,#fcb900 0%,#ff6900 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red:linear-gradient(135deg,#ff6900 0%,#cf2e2e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray:linear-gradient(135deg,#eee 0%,#a9b8c3 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum:linear-gradient(135deg,#4aeadc 0%,#9778d1 20%,#cf2aba 40%,#ee2c82 60%,#fb6962 80%,#fef84c 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffceec 0%,#9896f0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux:linear-gradient(135deg,#fecda5 0%,#fe2d2d 50%,#6b003e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffcb70 0%,#c751c0 50%,#4158d0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean:linear-gradient(135deg,#fff5cb 0%,#b6e3d4 50%,#33a7b5 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass:linear-gradient(135deg,#caf880 0%,#71ce7e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381 0%,#2874fc 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small:13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium:20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large:36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large:42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20:.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30:.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40:1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50:1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60:2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70:3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80:5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural:6px 6px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep:12px 12px 50px rgba(0,0,0,.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp:6px 6px 0px rgba(0,0,0,.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined:6px 6px 0px -3px #fff,6px 6px #000;--wp--preset--shadow--crisp:6px 6px 0px #000}:where(body){margin:0}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap:.5em}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap:.5em}body .is-layout-flex{display:flex}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center}.is-layout-flex>:is(*, div){margin:0}body .is-layout-grid{display:grid}.is-layout-grid>:is(*, div){margin:0}body{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color:#32373c;border-width:0;color:#fff;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;line-height:inherit;padding-top:calc(.667em + 2px);padding-right:calc(1.333em + 2px);padding-bottom:calc(.667em + 2px);padding-left:calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration:none;text-transform:inherit}.has-black-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important}.has-white-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important}.has-pale-pink-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important}.has-vivid-red-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-purple-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important}.has-black-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important}.has-white-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important}.has-black-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important}.has-white-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important}.has-small-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important}.has-medium-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important}.has-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important}:root :where(.wp-block-icon svg){width:24px}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap:1.25em}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap:1.25em}:where(.wp-block-term-template.is-layout-flex){gap:1.25em}:where(.wp-block-term-template.is-layout-grid){gap:1.25em}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap:2em}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap:2em}:root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size:1.5em;line-height:1.6}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-ss-slider-1{position:relative;display:grid}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-ss-slider-2{display:grid;grid-template-areas:"full";position:relative;overflow:hidden;border:0px solid rgba(62,62,62,1);box-sizing:border-box;border-radius:0px;background-repeat:repeat;background-position:50% 50%;background-size:cover;background-attachment:scroll;z-index:1}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-ss-slider-2>*{grid-area:full}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-ss-slider-2>.n2-ss-preserve-size{max-width:1920px}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-ss-slider-3{display:grid;grid-template-areas:"cover";position:relative;overflow:hidden;z-index:20}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-ss-slider-3>*{grid-area:cover}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-ss-showcase-slides{place-self:center;position:relative;display:grid;grid-template-areas:"slide";width:100%;max-width:640px;perspective-origin:50% 50%;perspective:1000px;opacity:.001;transform:translateX(-100000px)}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-ss-showcase-slides>*{grid-area:slide}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-ss-showcase-slides--ready{animation-name:showcase-fade-in;animation-duration:1s;opacity:1;transform:none}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-ss-slide{display:block;width:100%;border-radius:0px;border:0px solid rgba(62,62,62,1);box-sizing:border-box}div#n2-ss-9.n2-ss-showcase-vertical .n2-ss-slide{clear:left}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-ss-slide-inner{position:relative;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:20}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-ss-showcase-overlay{width:100%;height:100%;cursor:pointer;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;z-index:2000000;display:block}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-ss-slide-active .n2-ss-showcase-overlay{display:none}div#n2-ss-9 .smart-slider-animate-in .n2-ss-showcase-overlay,div#n2-ss-9 .smart-slider-animate-out .n2-ss-showcase-overlay{display:block}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-ss-slide-active{z-index:3;display:block}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-ss-slide{perspective:1000px}@keyframes showcase-fade-in{from{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow{cursor:pointer;overflow:hidden;line-height:0 !important;z-index:18;-webkit-user-select:none}div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow img{position:relative;display:block}div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow img.n2-arrow-hover-img{display:none}div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow:FOCUS img.n2-arrow-hover-img,div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow:HOVER img.n2-arrow-hover-img{display:inline}div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow:FOCUS img.n2-arrow-normal-img,div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow:HOVER img.n2-arrow-normal-img{display:none}div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow-animated{overflow:hidden}div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow-animated>div{position:relative}div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow-animated .n2-active{position:absolute}div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow-animated-fade{transition:background .3s,opacity .4s}div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow-animated-horizontal>div{transition:all .4s;transform:none}div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow-animated-horizontal .n2-active{top:0}div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow-previous.nextend-arrow-animated-horizontal .n2-active{left:100%}div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow-next.nextend-arrow-animated-horizontal .n2-active{right:100%}div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow-previous.nextend-arrow-animated-horizontal:HOVER>div,div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow-previous.nextend-arrow-animated-horizontal:FOCUS>div{transform:translateX(-100%)}div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow-next.nextend-arrow-animated-horizontal:HOVER>div,div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow-next.nextend-arrow-animated-horizontal:FOCUS>div{transform:translateX(100%)}div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow-animated-vertical>div{transition:all .4s;transform:none}div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow-animated-vertical .n2-active{left:0}div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow-previous.nextend-arrow-animated-vertical .n2-active{top:100%}div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow-next.nextend-arrow-animated-vertical .n2-active{bottom:100%}div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow-previous.nextend-arrow-animated-vertical:HOVER>div,div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow-previous.nextend-arrow-animated-vertical:FOCUS>div{transform:translateY(-100%)}div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow-next.nextend-arrow-animated-vertical:HOVER>div,div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow-next.nextend-arrow-animated-vertical:FOCUS>div{transform:translateY(100%)}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-ss-control-bullet{visibility:hidden;text-align:center;justify-content:center;z-index:14}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-ss-control-bullet--calculate-size{left:0 !important}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-ss-control-bullet-horizontal.n2-ss-control-bullet-fullsize{width:100%}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-ss-control-bullet-vertical.n2-ss-control-bullet-fullsize{height:100%;flex-flow:column}div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-bullet-bar{display:inline-flex;vertical-align:top;visibility:visible;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-bar-justify-content-left{justify-content:flex-start}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-bar-justify-content-center{justify-content:center}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-bar-justify-content-right{justify-content:flex-end}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-ss-control-bullet-vertical>.nextend-bullet-bar{flex-flow:column}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-ss-control-bullet-fullsize>.nextend-bullet-bar{display:flex}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-ss-control-bullet-horizontal.n2-ss-control-bullet-fullsize>.nextend-bullet-bar{flex:1 1 auto}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-ss-control-bullet-vertical.n2-ss-control-bullet-fullsize>.nextend-bullet-bar{height:100%}div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-bullet-bar .n2-bullet{cursor:pointer;transition:background-color .4s}div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-bullet-bar .n2-bullet.n2-active{cursor:default}div#n2-ss-9 div.n2-ss-bullet-thumbnail-container{position:absolute;z-index:10000000}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-ss-bullet-thumbnail-container .n2-ss-bullet-thumbnail{background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-font-ed651ae8a3f785e7fdc7fdd243b555b0-paragraph{font-family:"Roboto","Arial";color:#fff;font-size:87.5%;text-shadow:none;line-height:1.2;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;text-align:inherit;letter-spacing:2px;word-spacing:normal;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:500}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-font-ed651ae8a3f785e7fdc7fdd243b555b0-paragraph a,div#n2-ss-9 .n2-font-ed651ae8a3f785e7fdc7fdd243b555b0-paragraph a:FOCUS{font-family:"Roboto","Arial";color:#1890d7;font-size:100%;text-shadow:none;line-height:1.2;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;text-align:inherit;letter-spacing:2px;word-spacing:normal;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:500}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-font-ed651ae8a3f785e7fdc7fdd243b555b0-paragraph a:HOVER,div#n2-ss-9 .n2-font-ed651ae8a3f785e7fdc7fdd243b555b0-paragraph a:ACTIVE{font-family:"Roboto","Arial";color:#1890d7;font-size:100%;text-shadow:none;line-height:1.2;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;text-align:inherit;letter-spacing:2px;word-spacing:normal;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:500}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-font-cc7fbd70412a674b1b6d53ac08a8f0bd-hover{font-family:"Alegreya Sans";color:#fff;font-size:175%;text-shadow:none;line-height:1.2;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;text-align:inherit;letter-spacing:normal;word-spacing:normal;text-transform:none;font-weight:bold}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-font-cc7fbd70412a674b1b6d53ac08a8f0bd-hover:HOVER,div#n2-ss-9 .n2-font-cc7fbd70412a674b1b6d53ac08a8f0bd-hover:ACTIVE,div#n2-ss-9 .n2-font-cc7fbd70412a674b1b6d53ac08a8f0bd-hover:FOCUS{color:#51cdfb}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-style-c9c30b5f71c49b70706b6a6c4aede6a9-heading{background:rgba(255,255,255,0);opacity:1;padding:20px 20px 20px 20px;box-shadow:none;border:0px solid rgba(0,0,0,1);border-radius:0px}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-ss-slider-2{background-color:rgba(255,255,255,1)}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-style-aae0a8b802ba05ae7a2273e9add8485f-heading{background:rgba(0,0,0,.67);opacity:1;padding:20px 10px 20px 10px;box-shadow:none;border:0px solid rgba(0,0,0,1);border-radius:5px}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-style-aae0a8b802ba05ae7a2273e9add8485f-heading:Hover,div#n2-ss-9 .n2-style-aae0a8b802ba05ae7a2273e9add8485f-heading:ACTIVE,div#n2-ss-9 .n2-style-aae0a8b802ba05ae7a2273e9add8485f-heading:FOCUS{background:rgba(0,0,0,.81)}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-style-2bc4ce5c07bd1942c12b4151c02835c7-dot{background:rgba(28,28,28,0);opacity:1;padding:5px 5px 5px 5px;box-shadow:none;border:2px solid rgba(28,28,28,1);border-radius:50px;margin:6px}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-style-2bc4ce5c07bd1942c12b4151c02835c7-dot.n2-active,div#n2-ss-9 .n2-style-2bc4ce5c07bd1942c12b4151c02835c7-dot:HOVER,div#n2-ss-9 .n2-style-2bc4ce5c07bd1942c12b4151c02835c7-dot:FOCUS{background:#1c1c1c;border:2px solid rgba(28,28,28,1)}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-85AGfEJUueFg{padding:0px 0px 0px 0px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-11f053f63a705-inner{padding:10px 10px 10px 10px;text-align:center;--ssselfalign:center;justify-content:center}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-11f053f63a705{max-width:650px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c-inner{padding:20px 10px 20px 10px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c-inner>.n2-ss-layer-row-inner{width:calc(100% + 21px);margin:-10px;flex-wrap:nowrap}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c-inner>.n2-ss-layer-row-inner>.n2-ss-layer[data-sstype="col"]{margin:10px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-115b7ef2505e3-inner{padding:10px 10px 10px 10px;justify-content:flex-start}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-115b7ef2505e3{width:100%}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-Na7nh9txZcTz1{padding:0px 0px 0px 0px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-11f053f63a7051-inner{padding:10px 10px 10px 10px;text-align:center;--ssselfalign:center;justify-content:center}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-11f053f63a7051{max-width:650px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c1-inner{padding:20px 10px 20px 10px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c1-inner>.n2-ss-layer-row-inner{width:calc(100% + 21px);margin:-10px;flex-wrap:nowrap}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c1-inner>.n2-ss-layer-row-inner>.n2-ss-layer[data-sstype="col"]{margin:10px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-115b7ef2505e31-inner{padding:10px 10px 10px 10px;justify-content:flex-start}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-115b7ef2505e31{width:100%}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-HoNeVzE3GT2A2{padding:0px 0px 0px 0px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-11f053f63a7052-inner{padding:10px 10px 10px 10px;text-align:center;--ssselfalign:center;justify-content:center}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-11f053f63a7052{max-width:650px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c2-inner{padding:20px 10px 20px 10px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c2-inner>.n2-ss-layer-row-inner{width:calc(100% + 21px);margin:-10px;flex-wrap:nowrap}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c2-inner>.n2-ss-layer-row-inner>.n2-ss-layer[data-sstype="col"]{margin:10px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-115b7ef2505e32-inner{padding:10px 10px 10px 10px;justify-content:flex-start}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-115b7ef2505e32{width:100%}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-bSsetmFiI7mZ3{padding:0px 0px 0px 0px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-11f053f63a7053-inner{padding:10px 10px 10px 10px;text-align:center;--ssselfalign:center;justify-content:center}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-11f053f63a7053{max-width:650px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c3-inner{padding:20px 10px 20px 10px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c3-inner>.n2-ss-layer-row-inner{width:calc(100% + 21px);margin:-10px;flex-wrap:nowrap}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c3-inner>.n2-ss-layer-row-inner>.n2-ss-layer[data-sstype="col"]{margin:10px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-115b7ef2505e33-inner{padding:10px 10px 10px 10px;justify-content:flex-start}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-115b7ef2505e33{width:100%}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-Xr3QXlmv8WJl4{padding:0px 0px 0px 0px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-11f053f63a7054-inner{padding:10px 10px 10px 10px;text-align:center;--ssselfalign:center;justify-content:center}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-11f053f63a7054{max-width:650px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c4-inner{padding:20px 10px 20px 10px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c4-inner>.n2-ss-layer-row-inner{width:calc(100% + 21px);margin:-10px;flex-wrap:nowrap}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c4-inner>.n2-ss-layer-row-inner>.n2-ss-layer[data-sstype="col"]{margin:10px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-115b7ef2505e34-inner{padding:10px 10px 10px 10px;justify-content:flex-start}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-115b7ef2505e34{width:100%}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-J53RZNsbY6V95{padding:0px 0px 0px 0px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-11f053f63a7055-inner{padding:10px 10px 10px 10px;text-align:center;--ssselfalign:center;justify-content:center}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-11f053f63a7055{max-width:650px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c5-inner{padding:20px 10px 20px 10px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c5-inner>.n2-ss-layer-row-inner{width:calc(100% + 21px);margin:-10px;flex-wrap:nowrap}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c5-inner>.n2-ss-layer-row-inner>.n2-ss-layer[data-sstype="col"]{margin:10px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-115b7ef2505e35-inner{padding:10px 10px 10px 10px;justify-content:flex-start}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-115b7ef2505e35{width:100%}div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow img{width:32px}div#n2-ss-9 .n2-ss-slider-3{padding:0px 20px 0px 20px}@media (min-width: 1200px){div#n2-ss-9 [data-hide-desktopportrait="1"]{display:none !important}}@media (orientation: landscape) and (max-width: 1199px) and (min-width: 901px),(orientation: portrait) and (max-width: 1199px) and (min-width: 701px){div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c-inner>.n2-ss-layer-row-inner{flex-wrap:nowrap}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-115b7ef2505e3{width:100%}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c1-inner>.n2-ss-layer-row-inner{flex-wrap:nowrap}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-115b7ef2505e31{width:100%}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c2-inner>.n2-ss-layer-row-inner{flex-wrap:nowrap}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-115b7ef2505e32{width:100%}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c3-inner>.n2-ss-layer-row-inner{flex-wrap:nowrap}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-115b7ef2505e33{width:100%}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c4-inner>.n2-ss-layer-row-inner{flex-wrap:nowrap}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-115b7ef2505e34{width:100%}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c5-inner>.n2-ss-layer-row-inner{flex-wrap:nowrap}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-115b7ef2505e35{width:100%}div#n2-ss-9 [data-hide-tabletportrait="1"]{display:none !important}}@media (orientation: landscape) and (max-width: 900px),(orientation: portrait) and (max-width: 700px){div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-85AGfEJUueFg{padding:100px 0px 100px 0px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c-inner>.n2-ss-layer-row-inner{flex-wrap:wrap}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-115b7ef2505e3{width:calc(100% - 20px)}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-L1c3MG6lVBvh{--ssfont-scale:.7}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-Na7nh9txZcTz1{padding:100px 0px 100px 0px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c1-inner>.n2-ss-layer-row-inner{flex-wrap:wrap}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-115b7ef2505e31{width:calc(100% - 20px)}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-Ml9rwId8g89D1{--ssfont-scale:.7}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-HoNeVzE3GT2A2{padding:100px 0px 100px 0px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c2-inner>.n2-ss-layer-row-inner{flex-wrap:wrap}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-115b7ef2505e32{width:calc(100% - 20px)}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-Q3lG7jaM5l462{--ssfont-scale:.7}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-bSsetmFiI7mZ3{padding:100px 0px 100px 0px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c3-inner>.n2-ss-layer-row-inner{flex-wrap:wrap}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-115b7ef2505e33{width:calc(100% - 20px)}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-dAyjP6FRqyCC3{--ssfont-scale:.7}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-Xr3QXlmv8WJl4{padding:100px 0px 100px 0px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c4-inner>.n2-ss-layer-row-inner{flex-wrap:wrap}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-115b7ef2505e34{width:calc(100% - 20px)}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-Fg35TQLrg70L4{--ssfont-scale:.7}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-J53RZNsbY6V95{padding:100px 0px 100px 0px}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-19830627a932c5-inner>.n2-ss-layer-row-inner{flex-wrap:wrap}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-115b7ef2505e35{width:calc(100% - 20px)}div#n2-ss-9 .n-uc-jHXpnE5BSsZc5{--ssfont-scale:.7}div#n2-ss-9 [data-hide-mobileportrait="1"]{display:none !important}div#n2-ss-9 .nextend-arrow img{width:16px}}.som-password-error-message,.som-password-sent-message{background-color:#2679ce;border-color:#2679ce}.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload),.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) *{background-image:none !important}@media screen and (max-height: 1024px){.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload),.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) *{background-image:none !important}.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload).nitro-lazy,.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) *.nitro-lazy{background-image:none !important}}@media screen and (max-height: 640px){.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload),.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) *{background-image:none !important}.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload).nitro-lazy,.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) *.nitro-lazy{background-image:none !important}}.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload).nitro-lazy,.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) *.nitro-lazy{background-image:none !important}#ocean_social-2.widget-oceanwp-social ul li a{}#ocean_social-2.widget-oceanwp-social ul li a .owp-icon use{}#ocean_social-2.widget-oceanwp-social ul li a .owp-icon{width:32px;height:32px}#ocean_social-2.widget-oceanwp-social ul li a:hover{background-color:#d47d2d}#ocean_social-2.widget-oceanwp-social ul li a:hover .owp-icon use{}.oew-lf-error{padding:12px;margin-left:0;margin-bottom:20px;margin-top:5px;background-color:#fff;box-shadow:0 1px 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1);border-left:4px solid #d63638;display:block}

A FREE PUBLICATION FROM THE TEACHING PROFESSOR

What Textbook Reading Teaches Students

Stay Updated with
Faculty Focus!

© 2026 Faculty Focus | Higher Ed Teaching & Learning - All Rights Reserved.

Welcome Back

Already a subscriber? log in here.

Already a subscriber? log in here.

A FREE PUBLICATION FROM THE TEACHING PROFESSOR

What Textbook Reading Teaches Students

Stay Updated with Faculty Focus!

TOPICS

© 2026 Faculty Focus | Higher Ed Teaching & Learning - All Rights Reserved.

Welcome Back

Already a subscriber? log in here.

Already a subscriber? log in here.

Stay Updated with
Faculty Focus!